diff --git a/config/application-external.yml b/config/application-external.yml
index cc87555..269b0ec 100644
--- a/config/application-external.yml
+++ b/config/application-external.yml
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ ftp-sync:
   oss:
     base-url: http://53.1.211.7:8090
     upload-path: voice/record/
+    # OSS网络异常或5xx时最多尝试次数；4xx不重试
+    upload-max-attempts: 3
+    # 线性退避基础间隔：第1次失败等1秒，第2次失败等2秒
+    upload-retry-delay-ms: 1000
 
   # 地市FTP配置（每个地市独立部署一份，只配当前地市即可）
   cities:
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/threecloud/dataserviceyy/util/FileUploadUtil.java b/src/main/java/com/threecloud/dataserviceyy/util/FileUploadUtil.java
index 694da68..14fc96c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/threecloud/dataserviceyy/util/FileUploadUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/threecloud/dataserviceyy/util/FileUploadUtil.java
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
 import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
+import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
+import org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException;
 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
 import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@@ -36,6 +38,12 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
     @Value("${ftp-sync.oss.base-url:http://53.1.211.7:8090}")
     private String ossBaseUrl;
 
+    @Value("${ftp-sync.oss.upload-max-attempts:3}")
+    private int uploadMaxAttempts;
+
+    @Value("${ftp-sync.oss.upload-retry-delay-ms:1000}")
+    private long uploadRetryDelayMs;
+
     private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
     @PostConstruct
@@ -56,6 +64,10 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
      * @return 完整的文件访问URL
      */
     public String uploadWav(String ossPath, String fileName, byte[] fileData) {
+        if (fileData == null || fileData.length == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("待上传录音文件为空: " + fileName);
+        }
+
         String path = "voice/" + ossPath;
         if (fileName != null && !fileName.isEmpty() && path.endsWith(fileName)) {
             path = path.substring(0, path.length() - fileName.length());
@@ -65,6 +77,38 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
         }
         logger.debug("上传文件到OSS, path={}, 大小={} bytes", path, fileData.length);
 
+        int attempts = Math.max(1, uploadMaxAttempts);
+        Exception lastError = null;
+        for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= attempts; attempt++) {
+            try {
+                return doUpload(path, fileName, fileData);
+            } catch (HttpClientErrorException e) {
+                // 4xx通常是文件大小、权限或请求参数问题，重试无意义。
+                logger.error("OSS拒绝上传，不再重试: fileName={}, status={}", fileName, e.getStatusCode());
+                throw new RuntimeException("文件上传失败: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                lastError = e;
+                if (attempt >= attempts) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                long delay = Math.max(0L, uploadRetryDelayMs) * attempt;
+                logger.warn("OSS上传失败，准备重试: fileName={}, attempt={}/{}, delay={}ms, 原因={}",
+                        fileName, attempt, attempts, delay, e.getMessage());
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(delay);
+                } catch (InterruptedException interrupted) {
+                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                    throw new RuntimeException("OSS上传重试被中断", interrupted);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        logger.error("OSS上传最终失败: fileName={}, attempts={}", fileName, attempts, lastError);
+        throw new RuntimeException("文件上传失败: "
+                + (lastError == null ? "未知异常" : lastError.getMessage()), lastError);
+    }
+
+    private String doUpload(String path, String fileName, byte[] fileData) {
         try {
             HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
             headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
@@ -99,6 +143,7 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
                         Map<?, ?> map = JSON.parseObject(responseBody, Map.class);
                         if (map != null && (map.containsKey("fileUrl") || map.containsKey("url"))) {
                             String fileUrl = parseFileUrl(responseBody);
+                            validateFileUrl(fileUrl, fileName);
                             logger.info("文件上传完成 (扁平格式), URL: {}", fileUrl);
                             return fileUrl;
                         }
@@ -111,6 +156,7 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
                 ResultEntity result = JSON.parseObject(responseBody, ResultEntity.class);
                 if (result != null && result.getCode() != null && result.getCode() == ResultEntity.StatusCode.SUCCESS.getCode()) {
                     String fileUrl = parseFileUrl(result.getContent());
+                    validateFileUrl(fileUrl, fileName);
                     logger.info("文件上传完成 (包装格式), URL: {}", fileUrl);
                     return fileUrl;
                 } else {
@@ -127,6 +173,12 @@ public class FileUploadUtil {
         }
     }
 
+    private void validateFileUrl(String fileUrl, String fileName) {
+        if (!StringUtils.hasText(fileUrl)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("OSS上传成功但未返回文件地址: " + fileName);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * 从响应 content 中解析 fileUrl
      *